1. Waa maxay PCB Electroplating?
Qalabka korontada ee PCB waxaa loola jeedaa habka lagu shubo lakab bir ah dusha sare ee PCB si loo gaaro isku xirka korontada, gudbinta calaamadaha, kala firdhinta kulaylka, iyo shaqooyin kale. Qalabka korontada ee DC-ga dhaqameed wuxuu la ildaran yahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin isku-dhafka dahaarka oo liita, qoto-dheeraanta dahaadhka oo aan ku filnayn, iyo saameynta geesaha, taasoo adkeyneysa in la daboolo baahiyaha wax soo saarka ee PCB-yada horumarsan sida looxyada Isku-xirka Cufnaanta Sare (HDI) iyo Wareegyada Daabacaadda ee Dabacsan (FPC). Sahayda korontada ee beddelka soo noqnoqda sare waxay u beddelaan awoodda AC-ga ee ugu weyn AC-ga, kaas oo markaa la saxo oo la sifeeyo si loo soo saaro DC deggan ama koronto garaacsan. Mowjadaha hawlgalkoodu waxay gaari karaan tobanaan ama xitaa boqolaal kilohertz ah, oo aad uga badan inta jeer ee awoodda (50/60Hz) ee sahayda korontada ee DC-ga dhaqameed. Astaantan soo noqnoqoshada sare leh waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin dhowr ah oo ku saabsan qalabka korontada ee PCB.
2. Faa'iidooyinka Sahayda Korontada Beddelka Soo Noqnoqoshada Sare ee PCB Electroplating
Midnimada Dahaadhka oo La Hagaajiyay: "Saamaynta maqaarka" ee hirarka soo noqnoqda badan waxay keentaa in hirarku ay diiradda saaraan dusha sare ee qalabka korontada, taasoo si wax ku ool ah u hagaajinaysa isku-midnimada dahaadhka iyo yareynta saamaynta geesaha. Tani waxay si gaar ah faa'iido ugu leedahay dahaadhka dhismayaasha adag sida khadadka yaryar iyo godadka yaryar.
Awoodda Dahaadhka Qoto Dheer ee La Kordhiyay: Dabaylaha soo noqnoqda ee sarreeya waxay si fiican u geli karaan derbiyada godadka, iyagoo kordhinaya dhumucda iyo isku-dhafka dahaadhka godadka gudahiisa, kaas oo buuxiya shuruudaha dahaadhka ee saamiga muuqaalka sare.
Waxtarka Korontada ee Korontada: Astaamaha jawaabta degdegga ah ee sahayda korontada ee beddelka soo noqnoqda sare waxay awood u siinayaan xakamaynta hadda jirta oo sax ah, yaraynta waqtiga dahaadhka iyo kordhinta hufnaanta wax soo saarka.
Isticmaalka Tamarta oo La Yareeyay: Sahayda korontada ee beddelka soo noqnoqda badan leh waxay leeyihiin hufnaan beddelka sare iyo isticmaalka tamarta oo hooseeya, taasoo la jaanqaadaysa isbeddelka wax soo saarka cagaaran.
Awoodda Dahaadhka Garaaca: Qalabka korontada ee beddelka soo noqnoqda ee sare leh ayaa si fudud u soo saari kara qulqulka garaaca, taasoo suurtogalinaysa in la isticmaalo dahaadhka garaaca wadnaha. Dahaadhka garaaca wuxuu hagaajiyaa tayada dahaadhka, wuxuu kordhiyaa cufnaanta dahaadhka, wuxuu yareeyaa daloolada, wuxuuna yareeyaa isticmaalka waxyaabaha lagu daro.
3. Tusaalooyin ku saabsan Codsiyada Korontada ee Beddelidda Soo Noqnoqoshada Sare ee PCB Electroplating
A. Dahaadhka Naxaasta: Dahaadhka naxaasta waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka PCB si loo sameeyo lakabka gudbiyaha ee wareegga. Hagayaasha isbeddelka soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda waxay bixiyaan cufnaanta hadda jirta ee saxda ah, iyagoo hubinaya in lakabka naxaasta ee isku midka ah la dhigo oo la hagaajiyo tayada iyo waxqabadka lakabka dahaaran.
B. Daaweynta Dusha Sare: Daaweynta dusha sare ee PCB-yada, sida dahaadhka dahabka ama qalinka, waxay sidoo kale u baahan yihiin awood DC oo deggan. Hagayaasha isbeddelka ee soo noqnoqda badan waxay bixin karaan hadda iyo danabka saxda ah ee biraha dahaadhka kala duwan, iyagoo hubinaya simanaanta iyo iska caabbinta daxalka ee dahaarka.
C. Dahaadhka Kiimikada: Dahaadhka kiimikada waxaa la sameeyaa iyada oo aan lahayn koronto, laakiin geeddi-socodku wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan heerkulka iyo cufnaanta hadda. Hagayaasha isbeddelka ee soo noqnoqda badan ayaa bixin kara awood dheeraad ah hawshan, taasoo gacan ka geysanaysa xakamaynta heerarka dahaadhka.
4. Sida loo Go'aamiyo Qeexitaanka Korontada ee PCB Electroplating
Tilmaamaha korontada DC ee loo baahan yahay si loogu sameeyo qalabka korontada ee PCB waxay ku xiran tahay dhowr arrimood, oo ay ku jiraan nooca habka korontada ee loo isticmaalo, cabbirka PCB, aagga lagu dahaadho, shuruudaha cufnaanta hadda jirta, iyo hufnaanta wax soo saarka. Hoos waxaa ku qoran qaar ka mid ah xuduudaha muhiimka ah iyo qeexitaannada sahayda korontada ee caadiga ah:
A. Tilmaamaha Hadda
●Cufnaanta Hadda: Cufnaanta hadda ee loogu talagalay qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya ee PCB waxay caadi ahaan u dhaxaysaa 1-10 A/dm² (ampere halkii desimitir laba jibbaaran), iyadoo ku xiran habka qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya (tusaale ahaan, qalabka naxaasta lagu dahaadho, dahabka lagu dahaadho, qalabka nikkel lagu dahaadho) iyo shuruudaha dahaarka.
●Wadarta Shuruudaha Hadda: Wadarta shuruudaha hadda waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo aagga PCB-ga iyo cufnaanta hadda. Tusaale ahaan:
⬛Haddii aagga dahaadhka PCB uu yahay 10 dm² oo cufnaanta hadda jirta ay tahay 2 A/dm², wadarta guud ee shuruudaha hadda jira waxay noqon doontaa 20 A.
⬛ Si loo helo PCB-yo waaweyn ama wax soo saar ballaaran, waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo dhowr boqol oo amperes ama wax soo saar koronto oo ka badan.
Kala duwanaanshaha Hadda ee Caadiga ah:
● PCB-yada yaryar ama isticmaalka shaybaadhka: 10-50 A
● Wax soo saarka PCB-ga ee dhexdhexaadka ah: 50-200 A
● PCB-yada waaweyn ama wax soo saar ballaaran: 200-1000 A ama ka badan
B. Tilmaamaha Danabka
Koronto-sameynta PCB guud ahaan waxay u baahan tahay danab hoose, badanaa inta u dhaxaysa 5-24 V.
Shuruudaha danabku waxay ku xiran yihiin arrimo ay ka mid yihiin iska caabbinta qubayska dahaadhka, masaafada u dhaxaysa elektroodhada, iyo socodka elektroodhada.
⬛Habab gaar ah (tusaale ahaan, dahaadhka garaaca), waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo kala duwanaansho danab oo sare (sida 30-50 V).
Kala duwanaanshaha danabka ee caadiga ah:
● Qalabka korantada ee DC-ga caadiga ah: 6-12 V
● Dahaadhka garaaca wadnaha ama hababka gaarka ah: 12-24 V ama ka sareeya
Noocyada Bixinta Korontada
●Sahayda Korontada DC: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa koronto-dhalinta DC-ga dhaqameed, iyadoo la siinayo koronto deggan iyo danab.
●Sahayda Korontada Garaaca: Waxaa loo isticmaalaa electroplating-ka garaaca wadnaha, oo awood u leh inuu soo saaro hirarka garaaca ee soo noqnoqda si loo hagaajiyo tayada dahaadhka.
●Sahayda Korontada ee Beddelka Soo Noqnoqoshada Sare: Hufnaan sare iyo jawaab degdeg ah, oo ku habboon shuruudaha kor u qaadista korantada ee saxsan.
C. Korontada Bixinta Korontada
Awoodda korontada (P) waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa hadda (I) iyo danab (V), iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaacidada: P = I × V.
Tusaale ahaan, korontada soo saarta 100 A oo ku jirta 12 V waxay yeelan doontaa awood dhan 1200 W (1.2 kW).
Kala duwanaanshaha Awoodda Caadiga ah:
● Qalab yar: 500 W - 2 kW
● Qalab dhexdhexaad ah: 2 kW - 10 kW
● Qalab waaweyn: 10 kW - 50 kW ama ka badan
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-13-2025
